Criticism definition - What it is, Meaning and Concept

The criticism is the theory or doctrine that develops an investigation about the possibilities of knowledge, taking into account its sources and limitations This philosophy system was proposed by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804).

It is important to mention that, although criticism is associated with Kant , there are other kinds of criticism.The so-called Kantian criticism emerged from a criticism of empiricism and rationalism , considering that these doctrines do not they take into account the active role of the individual in the cognitive process.

Kant I seek to establish a link between the universal laws and the certainty that knowledge is generated from the experiences sensory .If knowledge derives from the senses, the facts are individual and it is not possible to know general principles.

Given this, Kant's criticism distinguishes between analytical judgments (which are independent of nature and can be established universally) and synthetic judgments (linked to experience about a particular event).While analytical judgments they are a priori and do not increase knowledge, synthetic judgments if they manage to increase knowledge.These synthetic judgments, depending on an experience about a specific event, seem to be a posteriori , although Kant argues that science has to generate affirmation is that they are not contingent.Scientific activity, therefore, is to base a priori synthetic judgments: to establish statements that are valid at the universal level and independent of the enumeration of the events found.

According to criticism, in short, it can be said that everything in intelligence comes from the experience of the senses , although not all knowledge comes from that which is perceived with the senses.Something is known when the intellectual faculties are applied to the object of knowledge: what is known, thus, has its origin in the known object, but also in a intellectual structure (composed of the forms of perception, understanding and reason).

The perception is the organization, identification and interpretation of sensory information so that we can represent and understand the environment and the information presented to us. understanding is defined as "the faculty of thinking", and it is the ability that allows us to make a discernment of the way in which the parties are an issue relate to each other and then integrate them.Thanks to the reason , we can identify and question the concepts, as well as induce or deduce new ones from acquaintances.

One of the problems that criticism intended to solve was the apparent existence of universal laws , which are expressed in fields such as mathematics.For example, in the face of a simple sum of two integers it is not easy to maintain that there is more than one possible result: it is correct to say that 4 + 3 always throw 7 .Let's not forget that this doctrine proposes that it is only through what the senses experience that we can access knowledge, without the influence of general principles, but simply individual objects and events.

Criticism is a philosophical system according to which the epistemology is a fundamental and independent discipline, prior to any other, which is why it is necessary to define it.strong> epistemology is a branch of philosophy that focuses on knowledge as an object of study.

Among the main problems addressed by the epistemology are the historical, psychological and sociological circumstances that lead to obtaining knowledge, as well as the criteria by which it can be justified or invalidate.It also deals with defining clearly and precisely concepts such as the reality , the truth , the justification and the objectivity .It is possible that its emergence took place in Ancient Greece, initially at the hands of Platon and Parmenides, among other philosophers.